Prednisolone Scheduled Drugs and Class

Question: Describe about Prednisolone? Answer: Generic/Trade Name of Drug The generic or trade name of prednisolone is milipred, orapred, pediapred, prednisolone solution etc. The brand name of prednisolone is as follows deltasone, orison, prednisane etc. Prednisolone is available in different formulations ranging from oral tablets to oral suspension and syrup. The other forms availablefor prednisolone is creams, gels, ointment, etc. Prednisolone is an artificial corticosteroid is used to treat immune system led inflammation. It is generally placed under glucocorticoid which is a cortisol derivative used in treatment of auto immune disease and inflammation. This essay will give a brief description on its class, different formulation types available for prednisolone, how it should be administered and what considerations should be made, what factors are involved in its metabolism, absorption and excretion, mode of actions, interactions with other drugs, dos and donts for nurses and what education is required for self-medication purpose. Therefore, the prese nt article will give a brief idea about prednisolone and its administration guidelines essential for practicing nurses. Scheduled Drugs and Class It belongs to the class of steroid and derivatives under drug taxonomy and in CAS schedule it is not a controlled drug as per the guidelines. It falls under the category of gluco/mineral corticoids. The structure of this medication is based upon hydroxylated prostane moiety. Different forms of this medication is available in the market i.e. tablet, syrup, capsule, cream, gel, ointment, injection and liquid. The dosage of prednisolone differs for different health condition taking into account patient health status , age and bvody weight. The usual dosage for inflammation in adults is 5-60 mg per day and dose is divided from 1-4 times a day. The pediatric dosage ranges from 0.1-2mg/kg/day which is divided 1-4 times per day. The same dosage is maintained for pediatric immunosuppression condition. In case of intravenous or intramuscular injection the dose vary from 4-60 mg per day. Prednisolone has a half life of 2-3 hours. The timing of dosage depends upon pharmacokinetics of delayed re lease drug and the disease for which it is given. In adults the usual dose is divided in q6-q12 hour, while in pediatric case it is divided in q12 hour per day(Buttgereit et al, 2005). Administration Consideration The medication must be taken with meal or snack. It is readily aborbed if orally administered. The concentration in body reaches max in 1-2 hours. It gets metabolized in liver to form active prednisolone, which then gets converted to inactive glucuronide and sulfates. These inactive metabolites and sulfates get released with the help of kidneys. The insignificant drug amounts are excreted by fecal matter also. The total half-life of prednisolone is 18-36 hours. While administering nurses and clinicians must note higher dose of glucocprticosteroids can lead to insomnia, so if immediate release formulation is given to patient it must be administered during morning in order to coincide with circadian rhythm. In case of delayed-release, it takes 4 hours to release active substances. Thus prior to administration the pharmacokinetics and the disease condition must be taken into account. For example in case of Rheumatoid arthritis it is better to give at ned time in order to prevent morning stiffness (Bennet, Tsang and Legler, 2013). Interactions/Allergic Reactions/Side Effects/Toxic Effects It interacts with a number of drug class , this section addresses some of the common drug interactions with necessary steps to be taken to counteract such interactions. With amphotericin B and other diuretics it leads to hypokalemia, which requires monitoring of sodium and potassium level at regular intervals. With antacids, colestipol and cholesteramine the absorption rate is disturbed, thus a different set of administration timing must be maintained. With cardiac glycosides class of drugs, the chances of hypokalemia and toxicity is more. Thus, potassium level and toxicity monitoring must be done. If patient is on estrogen therapy, the drug dosage must be adjusted as it affects the metabolism of prednisolone and the half-life of this corticosteroid is prolonged. In case of insulin therapy, the chances of hyperglycemia is more demanding dose adjustments (Hodgson and Kisior, 2013). With respect to allergic reactions anaphylaxis and angioedema has been reported as adverse effects of prednisolone. The other adverse effects of this drug are- insomnia, headache, seizures in case of central nervous system, arrhythmias, thromboembolism and heart failure in cardio vascular section, pancreatitis in gastrointestinal tract, menstrual disorders in gynaecology, hypokalemia, carbohydrate intolerance and hyperglycemia may lead to metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, growth shunting in children are issues in musculoskeletal section, Susceptibity to infection increases in case of adverse effects and acute adrenal insufficiency is observed(Tizani, 2010). Mode of Action The mode of action of prednisolone is a diverse pathway based action. It stimulates enzymes which has anti-inflammatory action, it increases the production of T-lymphocytes which reduces the activity and volume of lymphatic system, complement system inhibition and immunoglobulin synthesis inhibition, decreasing the passage of immune complexes through basement membrane, etc. Indications It is used against severe inflammation or in case of compromised immune system as a result of disease. It plays an important role where inflammation is either self-immunity mediated or immune system plays an important role (Czock et al, 2005). The effects which are usually monitored during prednisolone therapy are as follows The therapy may increase glucose and cholesterol level at the same time, the calcium and potassium levels may get decreased which requires time to time monitoring of lab results. Although overdose and toxicity has not been reported, it should not be taken lightly in case of overdose the necessary guidelines must be maintained. As far nurses are concerned, the patient must be tested for corticosteroid allergy and dose must be adjusted to be given in alternate days. Nurses must keep in mind most of the adverse effects are dose or duration dependent(Barber, Parkes and Blundell, 2012). The patient vital signs and other physical assessment must be done prior to administration and for less toxicity daily morning dose should be given. The two must point to be followed is not to withdraw therapy suddenly if the patient is on long term therapy as it leads to plethora of side effects such as rebound of inflammation, muscle weakness, depression, etc. Secondly it must not be confused with predni sone (Poeteker and Reh, 2010). Patient Education The drug must not be stopped abruptly; secondly it must be taken with food or milk. The patient must be taught on different side effects and adverse effects and how to adjust with them. In case of oral suspensions which must be made patient must be advised to visit to nearest health care center for help and in case of any overdose visit the nearest health care center (Clayton, 2012). References Barber, P., Parkes, J., Blundell, D. (2012).Further essentials of pharmacology for nurses. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). BENET, L., TSANG, S., LEGLER, U. (2013, October). Immunotherapeutic Agents. InAdvances in Immunopharmacology: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Immunopharmacology, July 1982, Washington, USA(p. 17). Elsevier. Buttgereit, F., Burmester, G. R., Lipworth, B. J. (2005). Optimised glucocorticoid therapy: the sharpening of an old spear.The Lancet,365(9461), 801-803. Clayton, B. D. (2012).Basic Pharmacology for Nurses16: Basic Pharmacology for Nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. Czock, D., Keller, F., Rasche, F. M., Hussler, U. (2005). Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of systemically administered glucocorticoids.Clinical pharmacokinetics,44(1), 61-98. Hodgson, B. B., Kizior, R. J. (2013).Saunders Nursing Drug Handbook 2014. Elsevier Health Sciences. Poetker, D. M., Reh, D. D. (2010). A comprehensive review of the adverse effects of systemic corticosteroids.Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America,43(4), 753-768. Tiziani, A. P. (2010).Havard's nursing guide to drugs. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Argumentative Essay Samples - Use One to Improve Your Writing Skills

Argumentative Essay Samples - Use One to Improve Your Writing SkillsYou may have heard of the argumentative essay sample. One student used it as an example of writing practice in his or her college English class. 'It is one of the best argumentative essay samples that I've ever come across. It had no academic content but was very relevant to the purpose of my composition.'He then went on to mention that this essay sample had been completely rewritten to use more academic terms and usage examples from a college English textbook. In fact, he said that this argumentative essay sample was perfect for him because he would never need to use these examples in his writing, because it was for a college English paper.Although this would be true if you were not using the sample in your own writing, as it is, the argumentative essay samples is very effective in this way. These examples allow a student to apply specific academic words and examples to give them an idea of how these words and examp les would appear in their writing and subsequently improve their writing skills.As you begin using argumentative essay samples, the first thing you should do is analyze your assignment. The arguments in the sample may not be all that meaningful to you. For example, 'the introduction contains an argument which asserts that...' While this may make sense to some, it does not mean that they will immediately know how to put it into the essay. Using an argumentative essay sample is an excellent way to help you put together an argumentative essay that is more convincing.Writing an argumentative essay sample means that you look at the style of the argument and then determine how it could appear in your writing. Writing the argument is the easy part. Using the argumentative essay sample and getting it in your writing, then follows.The argumentative essay samples can give you the most relevant and impressive argumentation possible in your writing. They are less academic than academic writing but still are persuasive and meaningful. They will improve your writing and help you see the strengths of your ideas, more clearly and persuasively.Writing an argumentative essay is an important step in improving your skills as a writer. With the proper use of an argumentative essay sample, you will find your writing skills improving dramatically.

Talking Reading Listening Essay Research Paper Writing free essay sample

Talking Reading Listening Essay, Research Paper Writing 7 6. Reference 14 Basil Blackwell ( 1985 ) Guide for Authors. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1985. Bower et Al. ( 1994 ) ? Protocol, Etiquette, and Duties of Reviewers in Fi-nance? , Financial Practice and Education, Fall/Winter 199418-24. Davis, John ( 1940 ) ? The the Argument of an Appeal? from American Bar Association Journal, December 1940, 26: 895-899. Fowler, H. ( 1965 ) A Dictionary of Modern English Usage, Second Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965. Halmos, Paul ( 1970 ) ? How to Write Mathematicss? L? Enseignement Mathematique. May/June 1970. 16, 2: 123-152. Harman Eleanor ( 1975 ) , ? Hints on Poofreading? Scholarly Publishing, pp. 151-157 ( January 1975 ) . McCloskey, Donald ( 1985 ) ? Economic Writing? Economic Inquiry. April 1985. 24, 2: 187-222. ? The University of Chicago. Get downing Research Early? Harry Roberts and Roman Weil. ( August 14, 1970 ) Sonnenschein, Hugo A ; Dorothy Hodges ( 1980 ) ? Manual for Econometrica Authors? , Econometrica 48: 1073-1081 ( July 1980 ) . Stigler, George ( 1977 ) ? The Conference Handbook? , Journal of Political Economy, 85: 441-443. Strunk, William A ; E. White ( 1959 ) The Elementss of Style. New York: Macmillan, 1959. Tufte, Edward ( 1983 ) The Ocular Display of Quantitative Information. Chesire, Conn. We will write a custom essay sample on Talking Reading Listening Essay Research Paper Writing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page : Artworks Press, 1983. Weiner, E. ( 1984 ) The Oxford Guide to the English Language. Oxford: Oxford Uni-versity Imperativeness, 1984. 14 Eric Rasmusen, Indiana University School of Business, Rm. 456, 1309 E 10th Street, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405-1701. Office: ( 812 ) 855-9219. Facsimile: 812-855-3354. Electronic mail: Erasmuse @ Indiana.edu. Web: hypertext transfer protocol: //ezinfo.ucs.indiana.edu/erasmuse. Revised, June 26, 1996 2 2. Writing 1 1. To get the better of author? s block, set together an lineation of the points you want to do, in any order. Then, order them. Get down composing without worrying about manner, and subsequently revise to a great extent or get down over. Get downing twice today is better than waiting three months and get downing one time. It is better, a fortiori, than waiting forever. 2. Photocopy your paper before you give it to anyone, or, better still, retain two transcripts on disc, in separate locations ( for fright of fire ) . 3. Number each page of text, so the reader can notice on peculiar pages. Num-ber each equation in bill of exchanges on which you want remarks. If you have appropriate package, label each line. 4. The rubric page should ever hold ( 1 ) the day of the month, ( 2 ) your reference, ( 3 ) your phone figure, and ( 4 ) your e-mail reference. You might every bit good set your facsimile figure down excessively. 5. A paper over five pages long should include a half-page sum-up of its chief point. Depending on your audience, name this an abstract or an executive sum-up. In gen-eral, compose your paper so that person can make up ones mind within three proceedingss whether he wants to read it.Usually, you do non acquire the benefit of the uncertainty. 6. It is frequently utile to split the paper into short subdivisions utilizing bold face headers, particularly if you have problem doing the construction clear to the reader. 7. Technical documents should show their consequences as Propositions ( theinteresting consequences, stated in words ) , Corollaries ( subordinate thoughts or particular instances which flow straight from the propositions ) , Lemmas ( points which need to be proved to turn out the propo-sitions, but normally have no instrinsic involvement ) and Proofs. Lemmas and Proofs can be strictly mathematical, but Propositions and Corollaries should be apprehensible to some-one who flips straight to them when he picks up the paper.That means they must be apprehensible to person who does non cognize the paper? s notation. A reader must be able to decid vitamin E whether the paper is deserving reading merely by reading the propositions. 8. It is best to show the theoretical account in as short a infinite as possible, before hesitating to explicate the premises. That manner, the experient reader can hold on what the theoretical account is all about, and all readers can toss back and happen the notation all in one topographic point. It is all right, and even desirable, nevertheless, to divide the theoretical account and the analysis of the equilibrium. 9. Make non present new facts in your concluding subdivision. Alternatively, ( a ) sum up your findings, or ( B ) suggest future research. 1 Eric Rasmusen, Indiana University School of Business, Rm. 456, 1309 E 10th Street, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405-1701. Office: ( 812 ) 855-9219. Facsimile: 812-855-3354. Electronic mail: Erasmuse @ Indiana.edu. Web: hypertext transfer protocol: //ezinfo.ucs.indiana.edu/erasmuse. Revised July 2, 1996. Writing 3 10. Even a on the job paper should hold a list of mentions, and these should be at the really terminal, after the appendices and diagrams, so the reader can toss to them easy. Law reappraisals do non print lists of mentions, but you should hold one anyway for the working paper version, including individually a list of instances and legislative acts cited, with, if you want to be particularly helpful, a phrase of account. Example: United States v. O? Brien, 391 U.S. 367 ( 1968 ) ( continuing the strong belief of a bill of exchange card burner ) . 11. Be content if your paper has one part to do. That is one more than most published articles. If you include excessively many points, the reader may non be able to turn up the best 1. Beware of naming excessively many consequences as propositions. Three propo-sitions to an article is plenty ; a paper with 10 propositions clearly has nil to say. But wear? T follow the illustration of the writer who had eight propositions and eight theorems so he could avoid double-digit enumeration! 12. Please wear? t shoot the reader ; he? s making his best. The reader, like the client, is ever right. That is non to be taken literally, but it is true in the sense that if the reader has problem, the author should pay attending to why, and non instantly fault the reader. Copyeditors are a different affair. Particularly at jurisprudence reappraisals and scholarly diaries, they are frequently academic immature college grads who rely on regulations and ignore lucidity. ( In my experience, book copyeditors are much better. ) 13. In covering with diaries, retrieve that the editor, and even the referee, is normally much smarter than you are. They frequently get things incorrect, but that is because they are in a haste or experience obligated to give nonsubjective grounds for rejecting a paper when the existent ground is that it is fiddling or deadening. If a referee has given some idea to the paper, he is likely right when he suggests alterations. Proposing alterations is a mark that he has so given some idea to it ; referees who have merely skimmed the paper normally do non propose any alterations. 14. Reading your paper out loud is the best manner to catch awkward phrasing and misprint. Have person else proofread the concluding version for you. 15. It is really utile to put aside a paper for a hebdomad or a month before traveling back to revise it. 16. Serious documents require many bill of exchanges ( five to 25 ) . Coursework does non, but you should be cognizant of the difference from professional academic criterions. 17. Look at published documents to acquire a usher for the recognized formats for academic documents. 18. Scholarly mentions to thoughts can be in parenthetic signifier, like ( Rasmusen [ 1988 ] ) , alternatively of in footers. 2 Footnotes are suited for digressive remarks, commendation of specific facts ( e.g. , the ratio of stock lists to concluding gross revenues is 2.6 ) , or accounts 2 Like this: Rasmusen, Eric ( 1988 ) ? Stock Banks and Mutual Banks. ? Journal of Law and Economics. October 1988, 31: 395-422.

How to Write a History Essay Full Guide for Busy Students

How to Write a History Essay Full Guide for Busy Students A history essay has more or less the same distinctive characteristics as any other essay. The main feature of an essay is the relative ambiguity of the term. Depending on the preferences of the educational institution you attend and your teacher (tutor, professor), your age, academic level and the particular type of essay you’ve been assigned with, the task may be very different in size, purpose, style, accepted language choices, structure and many other aspects. But from a classic five-paragraph type you’ve been dealing with since middle school to freeform university assignments, you are dealing with one and the same general type of writing, and they all follow more or less the same principles. Choosing a Topic for Your History Essay The choice of topic is, hands down, the most important aspect of the entire process. A poorly chosen topic can result in a lower grade, and the essay itself will be a pain to write. First, check the amount of freedom you are given in the matter. If the topic has been assigned to you and you don’t like it, ask the teacher if you are allowed to make any changes. Sometimes even a small alteration of the original task can make your job much easier and more enjoyable. Don’t be afraid to ask – chances are, your teacher will be pleased to see somebody taking the job seriously for a change. Ideally, you should choose a topic that is of personal interest for you. If you are interested in a topic, you are more likely to know more about it than is prescribed by the curriculum and will be able to use this additional knowledge. It is also just plain easier to write about something you are passionate about – or at least something that you have a definite point of view on. If there is no chance of finding a topic you are interested in, try choosing one you just know some unusual additional information about or have an easy access to such information (for example, if your relative or friend works for a Civil War museum or collects Prohibition Era memorabilia). Having an unusual angle or insight can be a great advantage. Study the existing body of research on the topic and get acquainted with basic facts and data concerning the facts, situations and events. Learn what has already been researched and in what detail, what are the most widespread viewpoints shared by the scholars. Judging by your findings you will get an idea of an area that has a lot of supporting information (or vice versa, the one that is mostly unstudied if you want a challenge). However, make sure you are going to have enough material. Narrow down and refine the topic. Remember: academia is all about going deep, not covering as much as possible. An essay and a dissertation may cover the same, very narrow topic – the difference will be in how deep the study is going to be and how many sources will be used. Therefore, the more specific your topic is, the better. You cannot write â€Å"about Ancient Rome†. You have to choose a specific period of its history, an event, a person or an event in a person’s life. Think about what aspects of history you are interested in. Is it biographies? Battles? Parallels and contrasts of societies? Even if the topic is provided by your professor, you still should be able to refine it – at least try to change it if you think it will make it better. Formulate your topic as a question. Make sure you keep returning to this question throughout the process of writing – it is all too easy to drift away from your initial goal. Once you’ve finished, discuss the question of your choice with your professor and find out if it is valid – if you are offered some suggestions on how to change your topic, it is usually better to agree, because your professor has most likely seen enough papers to have an idea which topics work and which don’t. Here are some examples of topics that you can get using this approach: The Role of Hannibal’s Crossing the Alps in the Development of Socio-economic Ties between Italy and Western Europe; The Influence Of Puritanism on Modern American Culture; Margaret Thatcher and Her Role in World History; Anglo-zanzibar War: the Shortest Armed Conflict in Recorded History; Homer: What Influence Does the Semi-legendary Author of The Iliad and The Odyssey Have on History and Literature? Causes and Effects of China’s One-child Policy. Why Was It Finally Replaced by Two-child Policy? Pre-Writing Tips Gather up Your Sources An essay, even a research-oriented one, doesn’t require an extensive bibliography – you simply won’t have enough space to use all the data you’ve gathered. However, you should have at least some books, articles and suchlike in your bibliography to demonstrate your work with sources. Make sure the few sources you use are recent, well-documented and have good reputation. Do Your Research Even if you know the topic well, you should dig a little bit deeper – who knows, perhaps things have changed since you last dealt with it? Study your source while making notes all the time. If you want to make a really good job, start ahead of time – thus you will be able to read more and approach the task better informed. Don’t Neglect Facts that Disagree with You If you find info that makes your point doubtful or outright refutes it, take it into account. Check the source’s credibility. You may want to change your topic or viewpoint based on how legitimate these facts are. Analyze High-Quality Writing on the Topic As you do your research, you will come upon well-written works by other authors on your topic. Take note of such pieces of work and try to analyze them. What makes them better than average? What tips and tricks can you learn from them? Brainstorm Try to think about an original approach to the information you already have and places where you can get additional data. Prepare an Outline Outline what you are going to write about, in any form that is natural for you. It may be a list of ideas to mention in order of importance, a diagram, a mind map or something else entirely. The form is not important – what is important is making it self-explanatory. Make sure it contains everything you intend to cover in your essay so that you don’t forget anything. History Essay Writing Prompts You Must Follow Body It may be a little bit counter-intuitive, but in most cases, you shouldn’t start writing your essay with trying to think about a good title and an attention-grabbing introduction. 4 times out of 5, you will either encounter problems in the course of writing or find your writing drifting in an unusual direction, forcing you to rewrite the title later on. First of all, remember that the body should constitute most of your essay, and you should judge by it when you estimate how much more you can write. Always remember about the word limit and don’t exceed it. However, it doesn’t mean that you should limit yourself while you write: if you feel that you have to say something, do so. You will have an opportunity to trim the fat later on. Avoid using sweeping statements and overly generalized declarations, especially if you don’t intend to prove them. Try not to use personal pronouns or refer to yourself in general – you should try to look as objective and non-judgmental as possible. Make sure you use proper transitions between paragraphs. Don’t start new thoughts out of the blue – make sure you complete dissecting one idea in one paragraph and provide logical connection with the following idea. Don’t forget to address facts and ideas that don’t go hand in hand with yours – otherwise you may be asked to comment on them later on, and it is always better to deal with the opposition on your terms. Title and Introduction Now that the body of the essay is written, you can decide how best to lead the reader to the ideas you want to share. The goal of the title is to get the reader interested in the contents of your essay, make them want to read it. Of course, if you write for class your teacher will read it anyway, but even so, a good title can create a valuable first impression. Try to create a hook – a creative element to attract the reader. It may be an unusual juxtaposition of concepts, a catchy quote from your essay, a thought-provoking statement – it all depends on your topic. Don’t be too general, avoid all-encompassing words like â€Å"life†, â€Å"society†, â€Å"world† and so on, they make you sound too grandiose. Try to be specific and stick to the concepts that are most important for the topic of your essay. As for introduction, it should be consistent with the title, ideally – supporting or continuing the thought started there. The first sentence is always the most important – it builds the first impression about the work in general and you as its author, and it is extremely difficult to get rid of it afterwards. If the reader isn’t obliged to read the essay, he may even stop doing it completely or simply look through the rest without actually reading it. Thus, avoid beginnings like â€Å"this essay is about† or â€Å"N was born in†. Make it interesting, unusual, force the reader to read on. If you cannot jump to the topic of your essay directly from the first sentence, start with the necessary explanations, but don’t take too long or you risk boring your reader. Conclusion Just like the title and introduction, conclusion is best written when the rest of the work is done. In most cases you should align it with the introduction, mostly repeating all the statements or questions you’ve declared in the beginning and either finding them true or disproving them (although it heavily depends on the type of essay you are writing). Try to answer questions like â€Å"What are the implications of my study of the subject?†, â€Å"Have I answered the question I stated in the beginning?†, â€Å"What problems remained unsolved?†. Make sure your arguments and statements naturally lead the reader towards the conclusion you’ve made – don’t start proving things all over again now, the results should be obvious from the rest of the essay by this point. If they are not, you are doing something wrong. The last sentence should be the emotional center of the essay – you should finish on a strong note, not leaving the reader any option but to agree with your point of view. The first sentence motivates the reader to read on and pay attention. The last sentence is what the essay is primarily remembered for. Post-Writing History Essay Tips from Our Expert Writers When you write the last word, your work is far from finished. Now it is time to revise, correct and edit your paper to perfection. Wait If you have time, leave the essay alone for a couple of days, don’t look at it and don’t think about it. This will allow you to see it in fresh light when you do so, and many of the mistakes you’ve missed before will become obvious. Check Your Grammar, Syntax and Punctuation Consult relevant textbooks if necessary, make sure you’ve correctly used symbols like semicolons and dashes. Check the definitions of all the words you are unsure about in a dictionary. If you find yourself using exclamation marks, better remove them – serious academic works aren’t well suited for emotional outbursts. Trim the Fat Carefully reread the entire essay and eliminate every word or sentence that isn’t necessary for the understanding of the whole. Even if you fit in the word count, you may want to make the essay a bit slimmer – just to keep it more dynamic. Remove all the information that doesn’t directly relate to the topic, even if you think it to be really interesting. Check Your Style It should be consistent with academic work: no colloquial or slang words, abbreviations and overly emotional expressions. If you want your work to be taken seriously, be serious. Check the Logic See if your ideas naturally flow from one into another and add the necessary transitions if necessary. Ask Other People Give your essay to your friends or relatives to read and ask what they think. Ask somebody to read it to you aloud – when delivered in someone else’s voice, it may produce a different impression, making obvious the parts that are lacking. Redo if Necessary Don’t be afraid to rewrite the essay in parts or even in its entirety. Sometimes it is necessary to achieve good results.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 21500 words

Management - Essay Example the Learner’s without properly citing the source of the work will be considered plagiarism and will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the work submitted or for the entire course, and may result in academic dismissal. Organizational commitment is a subject of numerous studies for decades, especially in the United States, in English. Even when the Hispanic population in the US has increased 57.9% from 1990 to 2000, little or no attention has been given to the differences in subcultures (e.g. language). Numerous studies have shown that organizational commitment predicts important variables including absenteeism, organizational citizenship, performance, and turnover intention. Additional studies have determined that Human Resources Management (HRM) practices such as compensation and incentives, performance appraisal, and training have the potential to influence employee’s commitment in the public and private sector, but research is needed regarding organizational commitment in the construction industry. This study will explore the relationships between employer-provided training, compensation and benefits, and organizational commitment of construction project managers in Puerto Rico. The population under study will be Project Managers of construction companies. The data will be collected utilizing a four-part questionnaire. As part of this study, the effects of gender, age, English or Spanish speaking, education level, overall project management experience, tenure with current employer and professional certification status on organizational commitment will be studied. Organizational commitment has been a subject of numerous studies for decades, especially in the United States, in English. Even as the Hispanic population in the United States increased 57.9% from 1990 to 2000 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2002), little or no attention has been given to the differences in subcultures (e.g. language). While there are several ways to define organizational commitment,

Response to Posts of Students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Response to Posts of Students - Essay Example (O’Mara, et al., 2011). Because the definition specified by the D&I benchmarks is too broad, it ceases to be a definition for lack of focus. For instance, most common among staffing requirements necessarily distinguish along the lines of â€Å"education, geography, work style, work experience, job role and function, thinking style and personality type† – geography to know that the applicant is accessible to work in certain geographic areas, and the rest to ascertain that the candidate can do the job expected of him. Their inclusion in the â€Å"broad† definition, as specified in the benchmarks, appears overly intrusive into management prerogative. If alignment of organizational goals and commitment to diversity are in accordance with the broad definition, such may effectively compromise business success or even survival. I believe that business prerogative has a right to discriminate according to education, work style and experience, job role and function, thinking style and personality type, and to specify geographic accessibility, when deciding among applicants for a position, because each of these bears directly upon the very reason for the applicant’s employment. Reference: Department of Commerce, (1999). Best practices in achieving workforce diversity: Vice President Al Gore’s National Partnership for Reinventing Government Benchmarking Study. Retrieved from http://vizedhtmlcontent.next.ecollege.com/CurrentCourse/ Best%20practices%20in%20achieving%20workforce%20diversity.pdf O’Mara, J. & Richter, A. (2011) Global Diversity and Inclusion Benchmarks: Standards for Organizations Around the World. Retrieved from http://www.omaraassoc.com/pdf/GDIB_2011.pdf Response to the post of Student 2: Leslie Gaines The post identifies one practice as being easiest to accomplish, and that is the establishment of an internal diversity committee. The reason given is that the committee can be delegated the task of complying wit h or managing the nine other practices listed. The justification provided does not appear to substantiate the claim that this practice is easiest; in fact, it is the direct contradiction thereof. Because all the other practices, which are conceded by Student 2 to be more difficult, are to be discharged by the committee, then the selection of committee members shall be a most difficult task, with qualifying criteria of the most stringent standards, and pursuant to a most thorough selection procedure. Even then, the designation of a committee is but a delegation, meaning that top management may entrust the task, but not the responsibility and accountability thereof, to the committee. Holding the committee responsible is a dereliction of duty by management, which in the end must oversee the committee’s actions. The post further states that the item which does not deserve to be listed among the ten best practices is the distinction between diversity and Affirmative Action or EEO. The reason given is that the world is changing and that there is nothing the ‘good old boys’ can do to stop it. The implication here is that managers belonging to the old school would prefer to distinguish between the two for some selfish, improper reason. Whatever the reason may be, there

Importance of Internet Banking Essay Example for Free

Importance of Internet Banking Essay From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about asymptotic stability of nonlinear systems. For stability of linear systems, see exponential stability. Various types of stability may be discussed for the solutions of differential equations describing dynamical systems. The most important type is that concerning the stability of solutions near to a point of equilibrium. This may be discussed by the theory of Lyapunov. In simple terms, if all solutions of the dynamical system that start out near an equilibrium point stay near forever, then is Lyapunov stable. More strongly, if is Lyapunov stable and all solutions that start out near converge to , then is asymptotically stable. The notion of exponential stability guarantees a minimal rate of decay, i. e. , an estimate of how quickly the solutions converge. The idea of Lyapunov stability can be extended to infinite-dimensional manifolds, where it is known as structural stability, which concerns the behavior of different but nearby solutions to differential equations. Input-to-state stability (ISS) applies Lyapunov notions to systems with inputs. Contents [hide] †¢1 History †¢2 Definition for continuous-time systems o2. 1 Lyapunovs second method for stability †¢3 Definition for discrete-time systems †¢4 Stability for linear state space models †¢5 Stability for systems with inputs †¢6 Example †¢7 Barbalats lemma and stability of time-varying systems †¢8 References †¢9 Further reading †¢10 External links [edit] History Lyapunov stability is named after Aleksandr Lyapunov, a Russian mathematician who published his book The General Problem of Stability of Motion in 1892. 1] Lyapunov was the first to consider the modifications necessary in nonlinear systems to the linear theory of stability based on linearizing near a point of equilibrium. His work, initially published in Russian and then translated to French, received little attention for many years. Interest in it started suddenly during the Cold War (1953-1962) period when the so-called Second Method of Lyapunov was found to be applicable to the stability of aerospace guidance systems which typically contain strong nonlinearities not treatable by other methods. A large number of publications appeared then and since in the control and systems literature.More recently the concept of the Lyapunov exponent (related to Lyapunovs First Method of discussing stability) has received wide interest in connection with chaos theory. Lyapunov stability methods have also been applied to finding equilibrium solutions in traffic assignment problems. [7] [edit] Definition for continuous-time systems Consider an autonomous nonlinear dynamical system , where denotes the system state vector, an open set containing the origin, and continuous on . Suppose has an equilibrium . 1. The equilibrium of the above system is said to be Lyapunov stable, if, for every , there exists a such that, if , then , for every . 2. The equilibrium of the above system is said to be asymptotically stable if it is Lyapunov stable and if there exists such that if , then . 3. The equilibrium of the above system is said to be exponentially stable if it is asymptotically stable and if there exist such that if , then , for . Conceptually, the meanings of the above terms are the following: 1. Lyapunov stability of an equilibrium means that solutions starting close enough to the equilibrium (within a distance from it) remain close enough forever (within a distance from it). Note that this must be true for any that one may want to choose. 2. Asymptotic stability means that solutions that start close enough not only remain close enough but also eventually converge to the equilibrium. 3. Exponential stability means that solutions not only converge, but in fact converge faster than or at least as fast as a particular known rate .